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Company Description
Baidu World Technology Conference (Press Release).
Baidu, Inc. (/ ˈbaɪduː/ BY-doo; Chinese: 百度; pinyin: Bǎidù; lit. ‘hundred times’) is a Chinese multinational technology business concentrating on Internet services and synthetic intelligence. It holds a dominant position in China’s search engine market (by means of Baidu Search), and supplies a variety of other internet services such as Baidu App (Baidu’s flagship app for search and newsfeed), Baidu Baike (an online encyclopedia), iQIYI (a video streaming service), and Baidu Tieba (a keyword-based conversation online forum).
Besides its core web search business, Baidu has diversified into numerous high-growth locations. The business is a leading player in autonomous driving (Baidu Apollo), [3] and smart consumer electronic devices (Xiaodu). [4] With over a decade of financial investment in expert system, Baidu is one of the couple of tech business globally to use a full-stack AI stack, consisting of software application, chips, cloud facilities, foundation designs, and applications. [5]
The holding company of the group is incorporated in the Cayman Islands. [2] Baidu was included in January 2000 by Robin Li and Eric Xu. Baidu has origins in RankDex, an earlier search engine developed by Robin Li in 1996, before he founded Baidu in 2000. [6] The company is headquartered in Beijing’s Haidian District. [7]
In December 2007, Baidu became the very first Chinese company to be included in the NASDAQ-100 index. [8] As of May 2018, Baidu’s market cap increased to US$ 99 billion. [9] [10] [11] In October 2018, Baidu became the very first Chinese company to join the United States-based computer system principles consortium Partnership on AI. [12] During the 2020s, Baidu has actually significantly focused on generative AI associated products. [13]
The Chinese federal government views Baidu as one of its national champion corporations. [14]:156 -157
Early development
In 1994, Robin Li (Pinyin: Li Yanhong, Chinese: 李彦宏) signed up with IDD Information Services, a New Jersey division of Dow Jones and Company, where he helped establish software application for the online edition of The Wall Street Journal. [15] He also worked on developing better algorithms for search engines and remained at IDD Information Services from May 1994 to June 1997.
In 1996, while at IDD, Li established the RankDex site-scoring algorithm for search engines results page ranking [6] [16] [17] and an US patent for the innovation. [18] Launched in 1996, [6] RankDex was the first search engine that utilized hyperlinks to measure the quality of websites it was indexing. [19] Li described his search mechanism as “link analysis,” which involved ranking the appeal of a website based on how lots of other sites had actually linked to it. [20] It preceded the comparable PageRank algorithm used by Google two years later on in 1998; [21] Google founder Larry Page referenced Li’s work as a citation in some of his U.S. patents for PageRank. [6] [21] [22] Li later on utilized his RankDex innovation for the Baidu search engine.
Baidu was included on 18 January 2000 by Robin Li and Eric Xu. [7] In 2001, Baidu permitted marketers to bid for ad area then pay Baidu each time a consumer clicked an ad, preceding Google’s technique to advertising. [20] In 2003, Baidu released a news online search engine and photo online search engine, adopting a special identification technology efficient in determining and grouping the short articles. [23]
2005: Public Listing on NASDAQ
Baidu went public on Wall Street through a variable interest entity (VIE) based in the Cayman Islands on 5 August 2005. [24]
In 2007, Chinese government and Chinese market sources specified that Baidu got a license from Beijing, which allows the search engine to end up being a full-fledged news site. Thus Baidu has the ability to provide its own reports, besides showing certain outcomes as a search engine. Baidu was the very first Chinese online search engine to receive such a license. [25]
Baidu began its Japanese language search service, run by Baidu Japan, the business’s first regular service outside of China in 2008. [26] The Japanese online search engine closed on 16 March 2015. [27]
On 31 July 2012, Baidu announced that it would coordinate with Sina to provide mobile search results page. [28]
On 18 November 2012, Baidu announced that it would be partnering with Qualcomm to provide free cloud storage to Android users with Snapdragon processors. [29]
On 2 August 2013, Baidu introduced its Personal Assistant app, created to help CEOs, managers and the white-collar workers handle their company relationships. [30]
On 16 May 2014, Baidu designated Dr. Andrew Ng as chief scientist. Dr. Ng will lead Baidu Research in Silicon Valley and Beijing. [31]
On 18 July 2014, the business introduced a Brazilian version of the online search engine, Baidu Busca. [32]
On 9 October 2014, Baidu announced acquisition of Brazilian local e-commerce site Peixe Urbano. [33]
2017: Launch of Autonomous Driving Business
In April 2017, Baidu announced the launch of its Apollo project (Apolong), a self-driving lorry platform, in a bid to assist drive the advancement of autonomous cars consisting of lorry platform, hardware platform, open-source software platform and cloud information services. [34] Baidu plans to release this task in July 2017, before slowly presenting fully autonomous driving abilities on highways and open city roads by 2020. [35] In September 2017, Baidu released a $1.5 billion self-governing driving fund to buy as numerous as 100 autonomous driving tasks over the occurring three years. [36] At the same time, Apollo open-source software application version 1.5 was also released. [37]
In June 2017, Baidu partnered with Continental and Bosch, auto industry suppliers, on automated driving and connected cars and trucks. [38]
In July 2017, Baidu GBU participated in a partnership with Snap Inc. to function as the business’s main ad reseller for Snapchat in Greater China, South Korea, Japan and Singapore. [39] The partnership was extended in 2019. [40]
In September 2017, Baidu rolled out a brand-new portable talking translator that can listen and speak in a number of various languages. Smaller than a normal smart device, the 140-gram translation device can also be utilized as a portable Wi-Fi router and is able to run on networks in 80 nations. It is still under development. Baidu will also be inserting expert system (AI) technology into smart devices, through its deep learning platform. [41] [42] At the same period, it has likewise led a joint financial investment of US$ 12billion with Alibaba Group, Tencent, JD.com and Didi Chuxing, acquiring 35% of China Unicom’s stakes. [43] [44] [45]
In October 2017, according to The Wall Street Journal, Baidu would release self-driving buses in China in 2018. [46] [47] In the exact same month, Baidu revealed that its first annual Baidu World technology conference (Bring AI to Life) would be held and live-streamed on 16 November 2017, at China World Summit Wing and Kerry Hotel, uniting Baidu executives, employees, partners, designers, and media to discuss the company’s objective and method, technology advancements, new product developments, and its open artificial-intelligence (AI) ecosystem. [48]
China’s federal government designated Baidu as one of its “AI champions” in 2018. [49]:281
In 2018, Baidu divested the “Global DU business” portion of its overseas company, which established a series of energy apps including ES File Explorer, DU Caller, Mobojoy, Photo Wonder and DU Recorder, and so on. [50] This business now operates independently of Baidu under the name DO Global. [51]
2021: Hong Kong Secondary Listing
In March 2021, Baidu secured a secondary listing on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, raising $3.1 billion. This marked the largest homecoming for a U.S.-traded Chinese business in Hong Kong considering that JD.com’s listing the previous June.
In August 2021 Baidu exposed a new Robocar concept said to be efficient in Level 5 self-governing driving. [52] It also comes with the current second-generation AI chip that can analyse the internal and external surroundings to supply predictive recommendations to proactively serve the needs of guests.
In June 2022, Jidu Auto, an intelligent electric lorry company initially backed by Baidu and Geely revealed its very first idea ROBO-01 in the kind of a pre-production car. The ROBO-01 trips on the Sustainable Experience Architecture (SEA) platform, a modular electric lorry platform established by Geely Holding. [53]
In August 2023, Baidu unveiled its ChatGPT-equivalent language design Ernie Bot openly. [54] In October 2023, Baidu launched a more recent variation Ernie 4.0 chatbot. [55]
Since April 2024, Apollo Go, Baidu’s autonomous ride-hailing service, had completed six million trips using driverless robotaxis throughout 11 cities. The service operates a fleet of over 400 driverless vehicles in Wuhan. [56]
Domain name redirection attack
On 12 January 2010, Baidu.com’s DNS records in the United States were modified such that browsers to baidu.com were redirected to a site professing to be the Iranian Cyber Army, believed to be behind the attack on Twitter during the 2009 Iranian election protests, making the proper website unusable for four hours. [57] Internet users were met a page saying “This site has been attacked by Iranian Cyber Army”. [58] Chinese hackers later on responded by attacking Iranian websites and leaving messages. [59] Baidu later on launched legal action versus Register.com for gross carelessness after it was exposed that Register.com’s technical assistance personnel altered the email address for Baidu.com on the demand of an unnamed individual, despite failing security verification treatments. Once the address had actually been altered, the individual had the ability to use the forgotten password feature to have Baidu’s domain passwords sent out straight to them, enabling them to accomplish the domain hijacking. [60] [61] The suit was settled out of court under undisclosed terms after Register.com provided an apology. [62]
Baidu workers arrested
On 6 August 2012, the BBC reported that 3 workers of Baidu were apprehended on suspicion that they accepted kickbacks. The bribes were apparently spent for erasing posts from the forum service. Four people were fired in connection with these arrests. [63]
91 Wireless acquisition
On 16 July 2013, Baidu revealed its intention to purchase 91 Wireless from NetDragon. 91 Wireless is best known for its app shop, but it has actually been reported that the app store faces privacy and other legal issues. [64] On 14 August 2013, Baidu announced that its entirely owned subsidiary Baidu (Hong Kong) Limited has actually signed a definitive merger arrangement to get 91 Wireless Web-soft Limited from NetDragon Web-soft Inc. [65] for$1.85 billion in what was reported to be the greatest deal ever in China’s IT sector. [66]
Name
The name Baidu (百度) literally suggests “a hundred times”, or alternatively, “many times”. It is a quote from the last line of Xin Qiji’s (辛弃疾) classical poem “Green Jade Table in The Lantern Festival” (青玉案 · 元夕) stating: “Having browsed hundreds of times in the crowd, unexpectedly turning back, she exists in the dimmest candlelight.” (众里寻他千百度, 蓦然回首, 那人却在灯火阑珊处 。) [67] [68]
Services
Qunar (Qunar Cayman Islands Limited), travel-booking service managed by Baidu. As of 2013, Qunar had 31.4 million active users and raised $167 Million at its preliminary public offering that year. [69] It is listed at NASDAQ. [70]
Advertisements
Baidu’s primary advertising product is called Baidu Tuiguang and is similar to Google Ads and AdSense. It is a pay per click marketing platform that permits advertisers to have their advertisements revealed in Baidu search results page pages and on other websites that are part of Baidu Union. However, Baidu’s search engine result are likewise based on payments by advertisers. This has triggered criticism and hesitation among Chinese users, with People’s Daily commenting in 2018 on issues regarding reliability of Baidu outcomes. Often as numerous as the first two pages of search results tend to be paid advertisers. [71]
Baidu sells its marketing items by means of a network of resellers. [72] Baidu’s web administrative tools are all in Chinese, making it hard for non-Chinese speakers to utilize. In 2012, a third-party company developed a tool with a user interface in English for advertising on Baidu. [73] [74] Advertisers on Baidu must have a signed up service address either in China or in specified East Asian nations. [75]
Competition
Baidu [76] takes on Sogou, Google Search, 360 Search (www.so.com), Yahoo! China, Microsoft’s Bing and MSN Messenger, Sina, NetEase’s Youdao and PaiPai, Alibaba’s Taobao, TOM Online, DuckDuckGo, and EachNet.
Baidu is the most secondhand search engine in China, controlling 76.05 percent of China’s market share. The variety of Internet users in China had actually reached 705 million by the end of 2015, according to a report by the internetlivestats.com. [77]
In an August 2010 Wall Street Journal article, [78] Baidu soft-pedaled its benefit from Google’s having actually moved its China search service to Hong Kong, but Baidu’s share of income in China’s search-advertising market grew six percentage points in the 2nd quarter to 70%, according to Beijing-based research study company Analysys International.
It is likewise evident that Baidu is trying to enter the Internet social media network market. As of 2011 [update], it is going over the possibility of dealing with Facebook, which would lead to a Chinese version of the international social media, handled by Baidu. [79] This plan, if performed, would deal with off Baidu with competition from the three popular Chinese socials media Qzone, Renren [80] and Kaixin001 [81] as well as cause competition with instant-messaging giant, Tencent QQ. [82]
On 22 February 2012, Hudong submitted a complaint to the State Administration for Industry and Commerce asking for a review of the habits of Baidu, implicating it of being monopolistic. [83]
By August 2014, Baidu’s search market share in China dropped to 56.3%, where Qihoo 360, its closest rival who has actually rebranded its online search engine as so.com, has increased its market share to 29.0%, according to report from CNZZ.com. [84]
In February 2015, Baidu was declared to have actually used anticompetitive strategies in Brazil against the Brazilian online security company PSafe and Qihoo 360 (the largest investor of PSafe). [85] [86]
In an ongoing competition in AI natural language processing called General Language Understanding Evaluation, otherwise called GLUE, Baidu took a lead over Microsoft and Google in December 2019. [87]
Research and patents
Baidu has begun to purchase deep knowing research and is incorporating new deep knowing innovation into some of its apps and products, including Phoenix Nest. Phoenix Nest is Baidu’s ad-bidding platform. [88]
In April 2012 Baidu JDC long live obtained a patent for its “DNA copyright recognition” technology. This technology automatically scans files that are uploaded by Internet users, and recognizes and removes content that might breach copyright law. This enables Baidu to offer an infringement-free platform. [89] [90]
In April 2022, Baidu revealed they gained permits from China to offer the first driverless taxis. The company goal to provide driverless ride-hailing services to the general public and have 10 autonomous cars set to start providing rides to guests within a 23-square-mile location in rural begin starting 28 April 2022. [91]
In July 2022, Baidu unveiled the Apollo RT6, a driverless automobile that is prepared to join Baidu’s driverless fleet in 2023. [92]
According to the China Digital Times, Baidu has a long history of being the most active and restrictive online censor in the search arena. Documents leaked in April 2009 from a staff member in Baidu’s internal tracking and censorship department reveal a long list of obstructed sites and censored subjects on Baidu search. [93]
In May 2011, activists sued Baidu in the United States for breaking the U.S. Constitution by the censorship it conducts in accord with the demand of the Chinese government. [94] A U.S. judge has ruled [95] that the Chinese search engine Baidu can obstruct works from its query results under liberty of speech rights, dismissing a lawsuit that sought to punish the business. [96] [97]
In 2017, Baidu started coordinating with the Chinese Ministry of Public Security along with 372 Internet authorities departments to find information associated to “anti-government reports” and after that flooding “Baidu-linked web websites, news websites and devices with alerts resolving misinformation.” [98] This was done using natural language processing, big information and expert system. [98]
As part of the COVID-19 pandemic, Chinese regulators instructed Baidu, along with other Internet companies, to “perform unique guidance” on news and info associated to the illness. [99]
In November 2022, Sustainalytics devalued Baidu to “non-compliant” with the United Nations Global Compact concepts due to complicity with censorship. [100]
Controversies
Death of Wei Zexi
In 2016, Baidu’s P4P search results apparently contributed to the death of a student who tried a speculative cancer therapy he found online. The 21-year-old university student was named Wèi Zéxī (魏则西), who studied in Xidian University. Wei was detected with synovial sarcoma, an uncommon kind of cancer. He discovered the Second Hospital of the Beijing Armed Police Corps (武警北京市总队第二医院) through the online search engine Baidu, on which the hospital had actually been promoting itself. [101] The treatment proved unsuccessful and Wèi died in April 2016. [101]
After Wei’s family invested around 200,000 yuan (around US$ 31,150) for treatment in the health center, Wei Zexi passed away on 12 April 2016. The event set off enormous online conversations after Wei’s death. [102] On 2 May 2016, Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC), the leading watchdog for China’s Internet area, dispatched a team of investigators to Baidu. [103] The case is still ongoing. One report claimed medical advertising makes up for 30% of Baidu’s ad income, much of which comes from for-profit healthcare facilities that come from the “Putian Network”, a collection of medical facilities throughout the nation established by medical business owners associated with the Putian region of Fujian province. [104] The examination led Chinese regulators to impose several limitations on Baidu, consisting of including disclaimers to advertising content and developing channels for complaints about Baidu services. [105] In addition, Baidu’s search function now mostly directs users to contents released on platforms under Baidu’s control, leading Chinese media scholar Fang Kecheng to declare that “Search engine Baidu is dead”. [106]
Commercialization of Tieba
Baidu offered the hemophilia online neighborhood, among the neighborhoods of Tieba, to unqualified hospitals. In January 2016, Baidu announced that it will stop selling all of its illness-related Tieba. [107] On 12 January, Baidu officially revealed to the general public that all Baidu Tieba for all types of diseases will entirely stop industrial cooperation and will only be open to reliable public welfare companies. In action to Baidu’s decision, Lin Jinlong, president of the Hunan Medical and Health Industry Association, said that personal medical facilities have gone into a duration of market transformation and updating, and are neither depending on publishing bar advertisements nor counting on competitive rankings any longer, so Baidu’s choice will not have a negative effect on the industry. [108]
DO Global subsidiary ad-fraud in downloaded apps
On 20 April 2019, it was reported that several applications for Android devices developed by the subsidiary business, DO Global (previously DU Group), were surreptitiously running earnings enhancing background programs on user devices since a minimum of 2016. [109] These programs, part of 6 known applications developed by the company, and downloaded hundreds of millions times, were clicking internet advertisements – even when the gadgets were idle, and unbeknownst to end users, to increase revenue created by “clicks”. [109] Just one of the apps, all of which were offered on Google Play Store, had actually been downloaded 50 million times alone and brought a user score of 4.5 stars by tens of thousands. [109]
Google banned DO Global and more than 100 of its apps from the Google Play Store on 26 April 2019. [110] [111] DO Global was likewise prohibited from Google’s AdMob Network. [110] Apps from another designer, ES Global, including the ES File Explorer, that were owned by DO Global were banned from the Play Store and the account was suspended. [112] [113] [114] [115] [116] [117] [118]
Block in India
In August 2020, following the 2020 China-India skirmishes, Baidu was one of several Chinese websites that were banned or blocked in India for national security reasons. [119]
2024 head of communications controversy
In May 2024, Baidu’s former vice president and head of communications Qu Jing [zh] (Chinese: 璩静) sparked significant backlashes across the Chinese social media for endorsing toxic office culture, where, according to a Douyin video, she has asked a coworker to be on a 50-day organization journey during the COVID-19 pandemic. [120] The report has aroused further discussions amongst Chinese netizens relating to Baidu’s business governance and internal culture. Qu honestly asked forgiveness after the incident and has allegedly lost her job. Baidu’s stock rate fell 2.17% in Hong Kong following the occurrence. [121] [122]
Panguso.
Tencent.
Sogou.
Alibaba.
Google.
Copyright in the People’s Republic of China.
Software market in China.
Comparison of web search engines.
List of search engines.
List of search engines by popularity.
China.
Companies.
Internet.
Technology.
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Further reading
– Lee, Melanie (19 January 2010). “NEWSMAKER-Baidu founder rules China’s Web with pragmatism”. Reuters.
– Udeze, Chuka (26 March 2012). “Baidu Search to be Integrated by Apple on iOS Devices”.
– Kohout, Martin (30 October 2014). “Spyware Baidu to Sony Xperia mobile phones”.